Which of the following is a controllable risk factor that can be managed to reduce stroke risk?

• A. Diabetes
• B. Obesity
• C. Alcohol or Drug Abuse
• D. Hyperlipidemia

Answer: (A)

Controllable risk factors are those you can influence through treatment and lifestyle to lower stroke risk. Diabetes fits this well: by keeping blood glucose in target ranges with diet, physical activity, and medications, you reduce the vascular damage and inflammatory processes that contribute to stroke. Good glycemic control helps prevent or slow atherosclerosis, reduces endothelial dysfunction, and lowers the chance of hypertension and dyslipidemia that often accompany poorly managed diabetes, all of which decrease stroke risk. While obesity, hyperlipidemia, and alcohol or drug use are also modifiable and important to address, the direct impact of managing diabetes on the vascular system makes it a standout factor for actively reducing stroke risk.